Coke oven construction



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Patented May 5, 1953 OFFICE COKE OVEN CNSTRUCTION Daniel Petit, Paris, France, assigner to Societe de Technique Industrielle, Paris, France Application July 2,4, 1947, Serial No. 763,331 In France January 14, 1942 Section 1, Public Law 690, August 8, 1946 Patent expires January 14, 1962 3' Claims.

.At the. present time coke ovens are constructed entirely of silica bricks. This construction suiers well known ldrawbacks resulting from the unfavorable expansion of the silica bricks.

Upon heating a coke oven battery which is constructed from silica brick, the brick expands in the direction of the length of the cells. by about 1,5 to centimeters. Moreover, owing to the temperature difference which prevails in a coke Oven battery from the lower part to the upper part, this expansion is distributed irregularly along the surface. This almost always results information of ssures, more particularly in the regenerators of the coke oven.

Due to theA stresses and strains involved in the .irregular expansion of the. silica brick in the heating walls and coking chambers of the coke oven battery, subject, as they are to the temperature differentials involved in. loading and the normal coking operation, the cooling of the coke oven battery has been beset with difllculties, particularly. for the purpose of shutting down to make the `necessary repairs, y

Silica brick is more expensive than ordinary silicofaluminous material, so that in the interest off economy, the lower parts of. the oven, which are subjected to a temperature which ordinary brick withstarids. are not fabricated of the silica brick.

The, use of.' silica for. the. oven portions which are. brought toa high temperature and more particularly of, the piers, offers unquestionable advantages based upon the improved pyrometric resistance of this material and also upon its 'higher resistance tothe salts which are contained in the coal.

ln view of' these considerations, it has been proposed to build ovens the 'lower pari?` of which is made ofl ordinary silico-aluminous products while the piers are made of silica.

These vproposals are not satisfactory unless certain special precautions are observed.

Indeed, in ovens made in this manner the 4part which is brought to the highest temperature and made of silica expands much more than the lower part which is made of silico-aluminous products which often causes the formation ofl serious fissures.

To remedy this defect there have beenv proposed complicated devices comprising, more. particularly, a kind of horizontal anchoragey at the level ofthe middle party ofthe oven in order to compel the part made of silica to slide on the lower part Awhen expanding.

2 irregular manner and especially because such ovens can be shutdown only with much difficulty owing to the disorder which is produced in their silica materials when the battery is cooled.

The oven made in accordance with the invention remedies all the above mentioned defects by eliminating the danger of ssures despite the eX- pansion of the brick and silica brick by virtue of the arrangement of the horizontally elongated coke oven chambers which discharge coke by horizontal pressure against one end of the coke mass in the chamber, the heating walls alongside the chamber and an intermediate portion of the battery structure being made of silica brick with a relatively high coefcient of thermal expansion, and the portions of the battery structure immediately above and below this intermediate portion being ,formed by a material having a relatively low coefficient of thermal expansion, each of the heating walls being formed with a plurality of expansion joints arranged along the wall length in this intermediate portion, to divide the wall into blocks more narrow than high, and these blocks being `'provided with horizontal projections at the adjacent edges of adjacent blocks which overlap with each other, to take up the vertical shear stress in the expansion joints which is caused by the horizointal pressure against the coke mass in the adjacent coking chamber.

Coke ovens constructed in accordance with the invention are shown by way of example in the appended drawings, in which:

Figure 1 shows in the left portion a vertical sectional view and in the right portion an outer View of a pier of an oven constructed in accordance with the invention.

Figure 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of this oven.

Figures 3 and 4 are a horizontal sectional View and av plan view of the pier of Fig. 1 respectively.

Figure 5 is a partial horizontal sectional view,

on a, larger scale than Figure 3, showing an example of the form of the joint between two blocks in the horizontal direction.

Figure 6 is a partial elevational view showing a. modication of the form of twov blocks in the vertical direction.

Figurev '7 is a partial frontal vertical sectional view of a modification of' execution in which the blocks of the piers are extended up to the upper part of the oven.

Figure 8 is a cross-sectional View through line VIII-VIII` of' Figure '7.

Figures 9 and 10y are respectively an elevational and an end' View showing the assembly between the bricks forming the successive blocks of a pier of the oven.

Figures 11 and 12 are two horizontal sectional views made in two successive layers in the upper part of the pier.

Figures 13 and 14 are two vertical sectional views shifted by 90 from each other of the inner position of the block guiding the circuit of the heating block.

Figure 15 is a horizontal sectional view through line XV-XV of Figure 14.

Each pier (Figures 1 to 4) is formed of separate and independent blocks made of silica bricks and each comprising at least one independent gas circuit formed of two ues 2, and 2 which are connected in their upper part by the horizontal passage 2a which completes the circuit in a hairpin form as indicated through the arrow f1 (Figure 1).

Each one of these blocks can be secured in its position in the lower part 3 of the oven which is constructed of silico-aluminous material by Ameans of a straight tenon la providing a partial embedding. The upper part 4 (Figure l) is formed in one block of silico-aluminous material and the blocks l are connected thereto by tenons embedded in the same manner as for the lower part.

The expansion joints 5 are observable between the blocks I in a cold state. The width of said joints is adjusted on the basis of calculation in order that the joints close when the battery is heated; their width or separation in a cold state in the position of rest must be equal to the difference of expansion between the piers made of silica and the parts made of silico-aluininous material.

In practice, in order that one may be sure that these joints will close well, the separation is provided which is slightly lower than that which is Iably provides the blocks 5, in the horizontal direction, in a form having broken joints with tenons and mortises, for example, such as shown yin Figure 5.

In order to avoid undesirable stopping up of the spaces between the blocks during the building, cardboard or a material such as an asphalt which 'flows out later can be placed in said spaces. But

it is preferable that these joints remain empty by placing therein, when the masonry is made, a removable board or metal sheet which is removed later.

Also the joint instead of being continuous in the vertical direction may be imbricated as shown in Figure 6.

The blocks I will generally be formed of silica `bricks arranged in known manner for insuring the tightness of the masonry.

It is possible to modify the form of the joints and of the bricks to provide a connection so that said bricks remain perfectly contiguous when the battery is cooled or to provide a cement setting between the bricks to insure the perfect tightness of each of these blocks.

Instead of having one block of Silico-aluminous material the upper part 4 of the oven can be formed of independent blocks of silice-aluminous material as an extension of the silica blocks of the piers.

In another form of execution the silica blocks of the piers are simply extended up to the upper part of the oven.

In both cases, in order to insure, in the upper part the closure of the coal compartments between the piers and the joints 5 one can adopt the arrangement shown in Figures 7 and 8 where the silica blocks are extended to the upper part of the oven. As may be seen from these figures, the inner faces of the oven, i. e. of each of said compartments are provided with two bossages 1, and 'l' on which the bricks 8, 9, I0 rest and the linking sections being made either of silica or of silico-aluminous material so that they vcan be displaced independently by being laid on the said bossages. In order to insure the tightness of this closure the blocks 8 can be assembled together through tenons and mortises.

On the other hand, the upper parts of the piers of the oven are connected with one another through connections with broken joints 2l (Figure 7), said joints being made, with tenons and mortises, the tenon 22 of one of the blocks engaging a mortise provided between two tenons 23 of the other block.

One thus obtains a tight joint in the upper part 0f the pier which insures the tightness of the distillation chamber.

The mode of construction in accordance with the invention can be applied to a coke oven of any system, but it is particularly advantageous for those which comprise a so-called hair-pin circulation of the gases.

The fire-proof products used for the construction of the lower part and possibly of the upper part of the battery will normally be Silico-aluminous products as are usually employed in the construction of coke ovens, but one can also use for this construction different products having a suitable expansion so that they better correspond to the application of the invention.

The advantages of the present system are obvious. The total expansion of the battery does not exceed that of the silico-aluminous parts which are brought to a comparatively reduced temperature.

The oven retains all or" the advantages of a silica construction in all of the parts where the use of this product is desirable. One could, without inconvenience, extend the silica construction somewhat lower than indicated in the appended figures and provide a silica construction for the nues which bring the hot gases into the regenerator.

This construction provides improved tightness owing to the small expansion of the battery and because each block in which the circulation of the flue gases constitutes a perfectly tight system of small size.

Instead of grouping the vertical flues two by two in each block one could provide more of these. four by four for example, thus constituting two gas circuits in each block.

The tightness between the blocks in operation is insured. If a leakage should occur, it would take place between two cells and would have only a comparatively small eiect; moreover, it is `lstopped rapidly through the production of carbon.

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Arr economic advantage:- results from the. bat-` tery construction using a quantity of silicav brick which ceesl not exceed v to 30% or the total weightA of the nre-proof material.

The brick which constitute the piersV of the oven come into contact with one another when the jointsy 8 yield under the effect of the expansion. If certain brick adhere together they'tend to move 'apart from one anotherv during cooling which tends todeformrthe: pier.;

This drawback is avoided in the oven made in accordance with the invention, through the arrangement of' the brick constituting the pier of the oven (Figures 9 and l0). Each block 25S of onev of' they layers straddles both bricks 261:, 262 of the lower layer and is assembled with both said bricks through a central tenen 211 of a height H and two side tenons 212, 273 of a height h.

Likewise, the brick straddles both bricks 281, 282 of the upper layer and is assembled with both said bricks through a central tenon 231 and two side tenons 292, 293.

Thus, an assembly is obtained which opposes any untimely displacement of the brick: l

(a) Either along jill] perpendicularly to the plane of the pier.

(b) Or along ,Ml in the plane of this pier.

The pier thus obtained withstands every external stress like a monolith.

The invention also covers another improvement to regulate the temperature, as much as possible, along the height of the oven.

For this purpose, in the upper part of the piers, the brick comprise, on the inner faces of the walls the outer face of which is in contact with `the coal, one or more roughened portions to increase the surface for heat exchange by retaining the heat on the passage, to facilitate the transmission of the heat of the gas to the coal.

These roughened portions may vary on each face of each brick which forms the upper part of the block through their superposition, so as to divide the path of the gases along the walls of the nues in a zig-zag path which further promotes the exchange of heat.

Figures l1 and l2 show a form of execution oi this arrangement. In these gures the roughened portions l5 are rounded and vary in number from one brick to another, for example, one brick may have one rough portion and those which lie immediately above and below may have two rough portions and so on, alternately. There can also be a variation of the number of rough portions in one and the same plane from one flue to another and from one face to the opposed face oi the same nue, as shown in these figures. i

It is possible to adjust the position of the horizontal passage 2a which unites the upper part of two coupled ilues and completes each hair-pin circuit which is important for the heating of the coal contained in the upper part of the oven.

For this purpose (Figures 13 to 15) both inner faces of each block of the pier which are perpendicular to the intermediate partition it between both iiues 22 of one and the same circuit, comprise, in the upper part, opposed grooves l'l provided between tWo projections I8 and adapted for receiving, in a variable number, a varying number of small bricks it the lowermost of which rests on the upper face of the partition to vary, at will, the total height of the latter and, concurrently, the position and the height of the horizontalchannel 2a constituted by the free passage between the last small brick and the upper part of the nues.

The small bricks are advantageously provided with holes 2U for their manipulation by means of hooks from the upper part of" the. oven.

Having thusldisclosed the invention, what-is claimedis:

l. A cokel oven battery having horizontalls-r elongated coke oven chambers arranged for `the ldischarge of coke from each chamber by horizzontal pressure againstone end of the coke'mass in the chamber and having heating Walls alongf side said chambers and having an intermediate portion of the Ibattery structure, including the heating wallsv and coking chambers, made of silica bricksi having a, relatively high coefficient of thermal expansion, and having the portions of the battery structure respectively above and below said intermediate portion formed of meterial having a relatively low coef-Dolent of" thermal expansion, each of said heating walls being formed with a plurality of vertical expansion joints in and confined to said intermediate portion of the battery structure and arranged at intervals along the length of the wall and dividing the latter into a plurality of blocks of substantially less horizontal than vertical extent, and having vertical heating iiues in each block yand having a vertical series of horizontally extending projections at each of the adjacent edges of adjacent blocks with the lateral projections at each of said edges overlapping the said projections at the adjacent edge of the adjacent block, whereby said overlapping projections are opera- Itive to take un the vertical shear stress in the expansion joints caused by the said horizontal pressure against the coke mass in an adjacent cokingr chamber.

2. A coke oven battery having horizontally elongated ycoke oven chambers arranged to discharge coke from each chamber by horizontal pressure against one end of the coke mass in the chamber, and having heating walls alongside said chamber together with an intermediate por- *tion of the battery structure including the coking chambers made of silica brick having a relatively high ycoeiiicient of expansion, and having the portions of the battery structure above and below said intermediate portion formed of fire clay having a relatively low coeflicient of thermal expansion, each of said heating walls being formed with a plurality of vertical expansion joints conned to said intermediate portion of the battery structure and arranged at intervals along the length of the wall to divide the wall into a plurality of blocks which are narrower than high, vertical bent ilues in each of said blocks and a vertical series of horizontally extending projections at each of the adjacent edges of adjacent blocks, these horizontal projections overlapping Iat the adjacent edge of the adjacent blocks to take up vertical stress in the expansion joint.

3. A coke oven battery having horizontally elongated coke oven chambers arranged to discharge coke from each chamber by horizontal pressure against one end of the coke mass in the chamber, and having heating walls alongside said chamber together with an intermediate portion of the battery structure including the coking `chambers made of silica brick having a relatively high coeiiicient of expansion, and having the portions of the battery structure above and below said intermediate portion formed of a material `having Ia relatively low coefcient of thermal expansion, each of said heating walls being formed with a plurality of vertical expansion joints confined to said intermediate portion of the battery structure and arranged at intervalsl along the Ilength of the Wall to divide the wall into a plu- -rality of blocks which are narrower than high, a separate Vertical bent flue in each of said blocks and -a vertical series of horizontally extending projections at each of the adjacent edges of adjacent blocks, these horizontal projections overlapping at the adjacent edge of the adjacent yblocks to take up vertical stress in the expansion joint, and said projections tending to separate vwhen the coke oven is cold.

DANIEL PETIT.

' References cited in the me of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 287,332 Samet Oct. 23, 1883 Number Number AName Date Gohenann Apr. 23, 1912 Aarts Sept. 7, 1920 Koppers Sept. 26, 1933 Totzek Mar. 5, 1935 Pavitt July 27, 1937 McIntire May 16, 1939 Rueckel Jan. 29, 1946 Agnew Dec. 23, 1947 FOREIGN PATENTS Country Date Great Britain Apr. 22, 1909 France Sept. 4, 1930 

1. A COKE OVEN BATTERY HAVING HORIZONTALLY ELONGATED COKE OVEN CHAMBERS ARRANGED FOR THE DISCHARGE OF COKE FROM EACH CHAMBER BY HORIZONTAL PRESSURE AGAINST ONE END OF THE COKE MASS IN THE CHAMBER AND HAVING HEATING WALLS ALONGSIDE SAID CHAMBERS AND HAVING AN INTERMEDIATE PORTION OF THE BATTERY STRUCTURE, INCLUDING THE HEATING WALLS AND COKING CHAMBERS, MADE OF SILICA BRICKS HAVING A RELATIVELY HIGH COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION, AND HAVING THE PORTIONS OF THE BATERY STRUCTURE RESPECTIVELY ABOVE AND BELOW SAID INTERMEDIATE PORTION FORMED OF MATERIAL HAVING A RELATIVELY LOW COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION, EACH OF SAID HEATING WALLS BEING FORMED WITH A PLURALITY OF VERTICAL EXPANSION JOINTS IN THE CONFINED TO SAID INTERMEDIATE PORTION OF THE BATTERY STRUCTURE AND ARRANGED AT INTERVALS ALONG THE LENGTH OF THE WALL AND DIVIDING THE LATTER INTO A PLURALITY OF BLOCKS OF SUBSTANTIALLY LESS HORIZONTAL THAN VERTICAL EXTENT, AND HAVING VERTICAL HEATING FLUES IN EACH BLOCK AND HAVING A VERTICAL SERIES OF HORIZONTALLY EXTENDING PROJECTIONS AT EACH OF THE ADJACENT EDGES OF ADJACENT BLOCKS WITH THE LATERAL PROJECTIONS AT EACH OF SAID EDGES OVERLAPPING THE SAID PROJECTIONS AT THE ADJACENT EDGE OF THE ADJECENT BLOCK, WHEREBY SAID OVERLAPPING PROJECTIONS ARE OPERATIVE TO TAKE UP THE VERTICAL SHEAR STRESS IN THE EXPANSION JOINTS CAUSED BY THE SAID HORIZONTAL PRESSURE AGAINST THE COKE MASS IN AN ADJACENT COKING CHAMBER. 